What type of organisms are often utilized in biological pest control?

Biological pest control relies on the use of beneficial predators or parasites to manage pest populations. These organisms are natural enemies of the pests, and they help to maintain ecological balance by keeping pest numbers in check without the need for chemical pesticides. For example, ladybugs feed on aphids, while parasitic wasps lay their eggs in the larvae of pest insects, ultimately reducing the pest population.

Utilizing beneficial predators or parasites can lead to long-term pest management solutions. This method is often more sustainable and environmentally friendly compared to chemical controls, as it typically poses fewer risks to non-target species and can lead to the development of pest populations that are less tolerant to these natural controls over time.

In contrast, pathogenic bacteria are indeed used in some contexts, but they do not represent the primary strategy of biological control, which emphasizes the use of living organisms that actively predate on or parasitize pests. Invasive species, while they might control pests inadvertently, can disrupt ecosystems and should not be introduced deliberately for pest management. Terrestrial mammals are generally not efficient or practical options for controlling pest populations in ornamental and turf environments compared to the specialized organisms that are more suited for this role. Therefore, the focus on beneficial predators or parasites is a fundamental aspect of effective biological