What does the term “biological control” refer to?

The term “biological control” specifically refers to utilizing natural enemies to manage and reduce pest populations. This method leverages the existing ecological relationships found in nature, such as predators, parasitoids, or pathogens, that help keep pest numbers in check without the necessity for synthetic chemical pesticides. By harnessing these natural mechanisms, biological control promotes ecological balance and can reduce the negative environmental impact often associated with more traditional pest management practices. This approach also tends to focus on sustainability, as it can be less harmful to non-target species and the overall ecosystem.

In contrast, using pesticides simply aims at eliminating pests directly and can lead to resistance, impact on beneficial organisms, and potential harm to the environment. Introducing non-native species may lead to unintended consequences, such as the new species becoming invasive and disrupting local ecosystems. Crop rotation is a cultural practice that helps manage soil fertility and pest populations, but it is not classified as biological control since it does not specifically rely on natural enemies.