What can be a non-chemical method of controlling weeds in ornamental landscapes?

Encouraging healthy turf growth is an effective non-chemical method of controlling weeds in ornamental landscapes. When turf is healthy and well-maintained, it establishes a dense canopy that can outcompete weeds for sunlight, water, and nutrients. This competitive advantage reduces the likelihood of weed establishment and growth. Moreover, healthy turf is more resilient to stressors such as drought and pests, which further discourages weed proliferation.

In contrast, the alternative methods listed involve the use of chemicals or processes that may contribute to pollution and potential harm to beneficial organisms in the landscape. Spraying herbicides, for instance, introduces chemicals that can have unintended effects on both the target weeds and surrounding plants, while utilizing chemical soil fumigants can disrupt soil ecology. Planting more ornamentals, while potentially beneficial in certain contexts, does not directly address weed competition in the same way that cultivating robust turf grasses does. Thus, fostering healthy turf growth stands out as a sustainable and effective way to manage weeds without relying on chemicals.